ABSTRACT
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020 led to a significant change in human behaviors, mainly because of the quarantine to avoid the spread of the virus. Measures affected both economic activities and citizens' behaviors as they developed more intense hygiene habits to avoid contamination and switched to home offices. These exceptional behaviors also affected the way that water is consumed and need to be fully understood to manage supply systems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in residential and commercial water consumption in 31 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during SARS-CoV-2. To do this, the expected consumption for the first half of 2020 was forecasted using the Holt-Winters multiplicative method and compared with the data observed for the same period. In addition, we compared monthly records of new contaminations and the social distancing index to establish a correlation with changes in water consumption. The results show an average difference between forecasted and observed consumption equal to +6.23% and -18.59% for residential and commercial activities, respectively. For the first one, the consumption per capita increased at the rate of 8.44 L.person-1.day-1. The observed changes in consumption seem to be a consequence of hygiene habits, social distancing and the closing of nonessential services in commerce. © 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic has put enormous pressure on the educational system in all its teaching and learning activities, and in the specific case of the practical training of teachers. This study seeks to investigate through qualitative research with a comprehensive interpretive approach, the training of the practicum of Physical Education teachers in Chile, considering the knowledge and experiences, in the context of virtual classrooms during the Covid-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to collect the data;and were analyzed with the content analysis technique. As result, it can be observed that the students manifest diverse experiences in their practicum process, with difficulties inherent to the remote work condition, such as difficulty in communication with students and school teachers, problems in didactic and evaluation processes, and adaptation to context. It is necessary to discuss the access of students and teachers to technologies, as well as the training of physical education teachers in areas of didactic and assessment in contexts where face-to-face is difficult. © 2021 The authors and IJLTER.ORG. All rights reserved.